CentOS Linux 7.x 使用 GPT 分区表创建大于 2 TB 的分区

MBR 分区表和 GPT 分区表的区别:

请点击这里

创建步骤:

服务器上有一块 3 TB 的硬盘,位于 /dev/sdb ,现打算在这块 3 TB 的硬盘上分出一个 3 TB 大小的分区。

1 、当前服务器的操作系统版本为:

[root@host ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
[root@host ~]#

2 、安装 gdisk :

[root@host ~]# yum -y install gdisk

3 、umount 挂载点(如果 3 TB 的硬盘已经有分区,而且分区 mount 到了某个目录,那么才需要 umount 掉,这里以 mount 到了 /www 目录为例):

这里需要注意的是卸载前请先关闭运行在 /www 里的所有程序,否则会报以下错误:

[root@host ~]# umount /www
umount: /www: target is busy.
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use
         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
[root@host ~]#

可使用 lsof 命令来查看当前有哪些程序正在使用 /www 这个目录:

[root@host ~]# lsof | grep www
nginx     25245    root  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     134852 /www/www.test.com/file
nginx     25245    root   15w      REG                8,2     22029     399660 /www/accesslog/access.log
nginx     25532  nobody  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     134852 /www/www.test.com/file
nginx     25532  nobody   15w      REG                8,2     22029     399660 /www/accesslog/access.log
nginx     25533  nobody  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     134852 /www/www.test.com/file
nginx     25533  nobody   15w      REG                8,2     22029     399660 /www/accesslog/access.log
nginx     25534  nobody  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     134852 /www/www.test.com/file
nginx     25534  nobody   15w      REG                8,2     22029     399660 /www/accesslog/access.log
nginx     25535  nobody  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     134852 /www/www.test.com/file
nginx     25535  nobody   15w      REG                8,2     22029     399660 /www/accesslog/access.log
bash      26812    root  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     131775 /www
lsof      26827    root  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     131775 /www
grep      26828    root  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     131775 /www
lsof      26829    root  cwd       DIR                8,2      4096     131775 /www
[root@host ~]#

卸载成功是没有提示的:

[root@host ~]# umount /www
[root@host ~]#

4 、使用 gdisk 命令创建分区:

[root@host ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): ?
b       back up GPT data to a file
c       change a partition's name
d       delete a partition
i       show detailed information on a partition
l       list known partition types
n       add a new partition
o       create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)
p       print the partition table
q       quit without saving changes
r       recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s       sort partitions
t       change a partition's type code
v       verify disk
w       write table to disk and exit
x       extra functionality (experts only)
?       print this menu

Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5857345536 sectors, 2.7 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 66EDFDC8-D796-4790-9EDB-8FF0C6E9532D
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 5857345502
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 5857345469 sectors (2.7 TiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (34-5857345502, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (2048-5857345502, default = 5857345502) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5857345536 sectors, 2.7 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 66EDFDC8-D796-4790-9EDB-8FF0C6E9532D
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 5857345502
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048      5857345502   2.7 TiB     8300  Linux filesystem

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@host ~]#

5 、分区后用 partprobe -s 命令更新 kernel 分区表:

[root@host ~]# partprobe -s
/dev/sda: msdos partitions 1 2 3 4 <5 6>
/dev/sdb: gpt partitions 1
[root@host ~]#

6 、命令 parted /dev/xxx print 可查看分区表类型:

[root@host ~]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: Dell VIRTUAL DISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2999GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name              Flags
 1      1049kB  2999GB  2999GB  xfs          Linux filesystem

[root@host ~]#

7 、重新格式化分区和重新挂载分区:

[root@host ~]# umount /www
[root@host ~]#
[root@host ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 -f
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=183041983 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=732167931, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=357503, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@host ~]# 
[root@host ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /www

8 、使用 df -h 命令可以查看到这个分区了:

[root@host ~]# df -h | grep www
/dev/sdb1       2.8T   33M  2.8T   1% /www
[root@host ~]#

9、此时可能还需要修改 /etc/fstab 文件,这样下次开机时 CentOS Linux 才能自动地将相应的分区挂载到对应的目录:

( 1 )先查看分区 /dev/sdb1 的 UUID :

[root@host ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="1ea02da5-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx28d304d3" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="4544d025-YYYY-YYYY-YYYY-YYYYa9a21a1a"
[root@host ~]#

记录下这个值:1ea02da5-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx28d304d3

( 2 )在命令行界面输入:

[root@host ~]# vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Apr  4 13:57:00 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=63be06ea-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz-zzzzb42001a1 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=d6a35b10-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz-zzzza170bbc0 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=6782acf9-yyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyy27aaec82 /www                    xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=f1f7ae41-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz82dbcc1b swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

键入小写字母 i ,进入编辑模式,再将文件改成如下的格式:

[root@host ~]# vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Apr  4 13:57:00 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=63be06ea-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz-zzzzb42001a1 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=d6a35b10-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz-zzzza170bbc0 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=1ea02da5-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx28d304d3 /www                    xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=f1f7ae41-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz-zzzz82dbcc1b swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

按一次 ESC 键退出编辑模式,然后键入 “ :wq ” 保存并退出。

重启服务器后也是没有问题的(如果不方便可以暂时不用重启服务器)。

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