【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)

实验环境:

操作系统:Windows 10(1607,14393.351,当时最新测试版),模拟器:GNS3 IOU for Windows 1.5.2(当时最新正式版)
注:当然,只要有思科模拟器都可以做这个实验

【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)
【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)

实验需求:

现在我们需要在上述实验拓扑中做基于 MPLS 的流量工程,规划出一条如下图所示的 MPLE TE tunnel,让 IOU1 和 IOU4 之间的流量从 MPLS TE tunnel 走(IOU1 → IOU7 → IOU3 → IOU5 → IOU4)。

【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)
【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)

其他相关文章:

实验步骤:

1、先配置 IP 地址、 IGP(ISIS)和 MPLS:

IOU1:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

int e 0/0
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/1
ip add 17.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/0-1 , l 0
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.1111.1111.1111.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
pass l 0
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 1000 1999

IOU2:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

int e 0/0
ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/1
ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/2
ip add 25.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/3
ip add 27.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/0-3 , l 0
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.2222.2222.2222.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
pass l 0
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 2000 2999

IOU3:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

int e 0/0
ip add 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/1
ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/2
ip add 37.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 1/0
ip add 35.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/0-2 , e 1/0 , l 0
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.3333.3333.3333.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
pass l 0
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 3000 3999

IOU4:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255

int e 0/0
ip add 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/1
ip add 45.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/0-1
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.4444.4444.4444.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 4000 4999

注意!IOU4 上并没有用 ISIS 将 
loopback 0 口通告出去!

IOU5:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255

int e 0/1
ip add 45.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/2
ip add 25.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/3
ip add 56.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 1/0
ip add 35.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/1-3 , e 1/0 , l 0
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.5555.5555.5555.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
pass l 0
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 5000 5999

IOU6:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255

int e 0/0
ip add 67.1.1.6 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/3
ip add 56.1.1.6 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/0 , e 0/3 , l 0
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.6666.6666.6666.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
pass l 0
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 6000 6999

IOU7:

conf t
int l 0
ip add 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255

int e 0/1
ip add 17.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/0
ip add 67.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/2
ip add 37.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
no sh

int e 0/3
ip add 27.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
no sh

int r e 0/0-3 , l 0
ip router isis

router isis
net 49.1234.7777.7777.7777.00
is-type level-2
adv pass
pass l 0
log all

ip cef
mpls ip
mpls label pro ldp
mpls ldp ro l 0 fo
mpls label range 7000 7999

2、在全局和接口下使能 MPLS Traffic Engineering,同时在 ISIS 里也是要配置 MPLS Traffic Engineering 的相关命令的:

IOU1:

! MPLS TE 全局使能
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

! MPLS TE 接口使能
int r e 0/0-1
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

! 配置 ISIS,让 ISIS 支持 MPLS TE
router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

IOU2:

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

int r e 0/0-3
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

IOU3:

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

int r e 0/0-2 , e 1/0
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

IOU4:

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

int r e 0/0-1
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

IOU5:

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

int r e 0/1-3 , e 1/0
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

IOU6:

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

int r e 0/0 , e 0/3
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

IOU7:

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

int r e 0/0-3
mpls traffic-eng tunnels

router isis
metric-style wide
mpls traffic-eng router-id l 0
mpls traffic-eng level-2

3、在 IOU1 和 IOU4 之间建立那条 MPLS TE tunnel:

【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)
【实验】基于 MPLS 的流量工程(Traffic Engineering base on MPLS / MPLS TE)

由上图可知,这个 MPLS TE tunnel 的路径是这样的: IOU1 → IOU7 → IOU3 → IOU5 → IOU4。

在 IOU1 上配置:

! 建立 IOU1 -> IOU7 -> IOU3 -> IOU5 -> IOU4 的 MPLS TE tunnel

IOU1:

int tun 14
 ip unnumbered l 0
 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng 
 tunnel destination 4.4.4.4
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name A
 ex

ip explicit-path name A enable 
 next-address 17.1.1.7
 next-address 37.1.1.3
 next-address 35.1.1.5
 next-address 45.1.1.4

ip route 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 tunnel 14

配置 tunnel 的命令解释:

  • int tun 14:即建立一个 tunnel 接口;
  • ip unnumbered l 0:从 loopback 0 借用一个 IP 地址过来,因为在 IP 网络下任何接口都是要配置 IP 地址的;
  • tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng:把 tunnel 的模式配置成 MPLS TE tunnel;
  • tunnel destination 4.4.4.4:设置 tunnel 的目的地是去往 IOU4;
  • tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name A:设置 tunnel 的路径,10 是路径选项的序号,explicit 表示这个路径将会手工逐跳地、显式地配置出来(与之对应的还有一个 dynamic),A 是路径的名称。

配置路径的命令解释:

  • ip explicit-path name A enable:A 是路径的名称,enable 表示启用这条路径(与之对应的还有一个 disable);
  • next-address xx.x.x.x:配置这个 MPLS TE tunnel 所经过的每一跳的 IP 地址。

ip route 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 tunnel 14:最后再写一个静态路由,让去往 4.4.4.4 的数据包从 tunnel 走就可以了。

注意!如下图所示,在没有配置那条 4.4.4.4 的静态路由之前,IOU1 是没有 4.4.4.4 的路由的,因为在 IOU4 上并没有将 loopback 0 口通告到 ISIS:

IOU1#sh ip ro
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C        1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     2.2.2.2 [115/10] via 12.1.1.2, 00:40:21, Ethernet0/0
      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     3.3.3.3 [115/20] via 17.1.1.7, 00:39:51, Ethernet0/1
                 [115/20] via 12.1.1.2, 00:39:51, Ethernet0/0
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     5.5.5.5 [115/20] via 12.1.1.2, 00:40:01, Ethernet0/0
      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     6.6.6.6 [115/20] via 17.1.1.7, 00:39:51, Ethernet0/1
      7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     7.7.7.7 [115/10] via 17.1.1.7, 00:39:51, Ethernet0/1
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        12.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
      17.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        17.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        17.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

配置了那条关于 4.4.4.4 的静态路由后,路由表就有 4.4.4.4 的路由了:

IOU1#sh ip ro
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C        1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     2.2.2.2 [115/10] via 12.1.1.2, 00:41:41, Ethernet0/0
      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     3.3.3.3 [115/20] via 17.1.1.7, 00:41:11, Ethernet0/1
                 [115/20] via 12.1.1.2, 00:41:11, Ethernet0/0
      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S        4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Tunnel14
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     5.5.5.5 [115/20] via 12.1.1.2, 00:41:21, Ethernet0/0
      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     6.6.6.6 [115/20] via 17.1.1.7, 00:41:11, Ethernet0/1
      7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     7.7.7.7 [115/10] via 17.1.1.7, 00:41:11, Ethernet0/1
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        12.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
      17.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        17.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        17.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

使用一些 show 命令观察一下:

在 IOU1 上 sh ip int brief 可以看到 Tunnel14 这个接口已经起来了:

IOU1#sh ip int brief 
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Ethernet0/0            12.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/1            17.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Ethernet1/0            unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Ethernet1/1            unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Ethernet1/2            unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Ethernet1/3            unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial2/0              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial2/1              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial2/2              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial2/3              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial3/0              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial3/1              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial3/2              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Serial3/3              unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    
Loopback0              1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    up      
Tunnel14               1.1.1.1         YES TFTP   up                    up 

注意,在 IOU1 上 sh mpls forwarding-table 是看不到 MPLS 标签的:

IOU1#sh mpls forwarding-table
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface

在 IOU1 上也没有开启 LDP:

IOU1#sh mpls ldp neighbor 
IOU1#

IOU1#sh mpls ldp bindings
LIB not enabled

MPLS TE tunnel 的 MPLS 标签其实是由 RSVP 来分配的。

要想在 IOU1 上查看 MPLS 标签要 sh mpls traffic-eng tunnels tunnel 14(这条 show 命令还可以看到这条 MPLS TE tunnel 所经过的每一跳 IP 地址):

IOU1#sh mpls traffic-eng tunnels tunnel 14

Name: IOU1_t14                            (Tunnel14) Destination: 4.4.4.4
  Status:
    Admin: up         Oper: up     Path: valid       Signalling: connected
    path option 10, type explicit A (Basis for Setup, path weight 40)

  Config Parameters:
    Bandwidth: 0        kbps (Global)  Priority: 7  7   Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF
    Metric Type: TE (default)
    AutoRoute:  disabled  LockDown: disabled  Loadshare: 0        bw-based
    auto-bw: disabled
  Active Path Option Parameters:
    State: explicit path option 10 is active
    BandwidthOverride: disabled  LockDown: disabled  Verbatim: disabled


  InLabel  :  - 
  OutLabel : Ethernet0/1, 7000
  RSVP Signalling Info:
       Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 14, Tun_Instance 5
    RSVP Path Info:
      My Address: 17.1.1.1   
      Explicit Route: 17.1.1.7 37.1.1.7 37.1.1.3 35.1.1.3 
                      35.1.1.5 45.1.1.5 45.1.1.4 4.4.4.4 
      Record   Route:   NONE
      Tspec: ave rate=0 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=0 kbits
    RSVP Resv Info:
      Record   Route:   NONE
      Fspec: ave rate=0 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=0 kbits
  Shortest Unconstrained Path Info:
    Path Weight: 30 (TE)
    Explicit Route: 12.1.1.1 12.1.1.2 23.1.1.2 23.1.1.3 
                    34.1.1.3 34.1.1.4 4.4.4.4 
  History:
    Tunnel:
      Time since created: 6 minutes, 56 seconds
      Time since path change: 6 minutes, 56 seconds
      Number of LSP IDs (Tun_Instances) used: 5
    Current LSP:
      Uptime: 6 minutes, 56 seconds
    Prior LSP:
      ID: path option 10 [4]
      Removal Trigger: configuration changed

在这条 MPLS TE tunnel(IOU1 → IOU7 → IOU3 → IOU5 → IOU4)的其他路由器节点上看 MPLS 标签就可以直接 sh mpls forwarding-table:

IOU7#sh mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
7000       3000       1.1.1.1 14 [5]   0             Et0/2      37.1.1.3 

IOU3#sh mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
3000       5000       1.1.1.1 14 [5]   0             Et1/0      35.1.1.5

IOU5#sh mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
5000       Pop Label  1.1.1.1 14 [5]   0             Et0/1      45.1.1.4

IOU4#sh mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface

PS : 因为在 IOU5 上已经 Pop Label 了,所以 IOU4 收到的就是一个纯的 IP 数据包,
IOU4 自然也就没有 MPLS 标签了。

测试:

见证奇迹的时刻到了!

IOU1#tra 4.4.4.4 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 4.4.4.4
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 17.1.1.7 [MPLS: Label 7000 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  2 37.1.1.3 [MPLS: Label 3000 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  3 35.1.1.5 [MPLS: Label 5000 Exp 0] 1 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  4 45.1.1.4 1 msec 1 msec 1 msec

现在 IOU1 去往 IOU4 按照预期的路径去走了。

而且在这里需要注意的是,IOU3、IOU5 和 IOU7 上并没有 4.4.4.4 的路由,MPLS TE tunnel 里的数据包转发全靠 MPLS 标签。如下图所示,这些分别是 IOU3、IOU5 和 IOU7 的 FIB 和 RIB(路由表):

IOU3#sh ip cef 4.4.4.4
0.0.0.0/0
  no route

IOU5#sh ip cef 4.4.4.4
0.0.0.0/0
  no route

IOU7#sh ip cef 4.4.4.4
0.0.0.0/0
  no route
IOU3#sh ip route 4.4.4.4
% Network not in table

IOU5#sh ip route 4.4.4.4
% Network not in table

IOU7#sh ip route 4.4.4.4
% Network not in table

那现在 IOU4 是怎么回包的呢?

因为在 IOU4 上 4.4.4.4 的路由并没有通过 ISIS 通告出去,只有在 IOU1 上有一条去往 4.4.4.4 的静态路由,所以 IOU2/3/5/6/7 这些路由器上均没有 4.4.4.4 的路由。那么现在在 IOU4 上 traceroute IOU1 自然也是没有什么显示的,因为中间的那些路由器不知道怎么给 IOU4 回 traceroute 的数据包:

IOU4#p 1.1.1.1 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 4.4.4.4 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

IOU4#traceroute 1.1.1.1 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 1.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1  *  *  * 
  2  *  *  * 
  3 12.1.1.1 1 msec 1 msec 1 msec

所以我们现在需要在 IOU4 上配置如下命令,让 ISIS 把 4.4.4.4 的路由通告出去:

IOU4(config)#router isis
IOU4(config-router)#passive-interface l 0

然后我们再在 IOU4 上 traceroute 一下 IOU1:

IOU4#traceroute 1.1.1.1 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 1.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 34.1.1.3 0 msec
    45.1.1.5 1 msec
    34.1.1.3 0 msec
  2 25.1.1.2 1 msec
    37.1.1.7 0 msec
    25.1.1.2 1 msec
  3 17.1.1.1 1 msec
    12.1.1.1 1 msec
    17.1.1.1 1 msec

这个时候你就能看到完整的数据包转发路径了。通过上面的 IP 地址,我们大致可以看出 IOU4 前往 IOU1 走了两条路径:一条是 IOU4 → IOU3 → IOU7 → IOU1,另一条是 IOU4 → IOU5 → IOU2 → IOU1。

注意!这个实验我反复做了很多遍,其实 IOU4 去往 IOU1 还可以这么走(没办法,这个实验拓扑中 IOU4 去往 IOU1 可以做负载均衡的路径有点多):

IOU4#traceroute 1.1.1.1 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 1.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 34.1.1.3 0 msec
    45.1.1.5 1 msec
    34.1.1.3 0 msec
  2 25.1.1.2 1 msec
    23.1.1.2 1 msec
    25.1.1.2 1 msec
  3 12.1.1.1 1 msec 1 msec 1 msec

这里还有两条数据包转发路径,一条路径是:IOU4 → IOU3 → IOU2 → IOU1,另一条路径是:IOU4 → IOU5 → IOU2 → IOU1。但总的来说,这些回包都是三跳的,没有四跳。

如下图所示,我们去查 IOU4 上的 FIB 和 RIB,发现确实是有两条负载均衡的路径:

IOU4#sh ip cef 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1/32
  nexthop 34.1.1.3 Ethernet0/0
  nexthop 45.1.1.5 Ethernet0/1
IOU4#sh ip ro
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     1.1.1.1 [115/30] via 45.1.1.5, 00:19:22, Ethernet0/1
                 [115/30] via 34.1.1.3, 00:19:22, Ethernet0/0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     2.2.2.2 [115/20] via 45.1.1.5, 00:19:22, Ethernet0/1
                 [115/20] via 34.1.1.3, 00:19:22, Ethernet0/0
      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     3.3.3.3 [115/10] via 34.1.1.3, 00:19:22, Ethernet0/0
      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C        4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     5.5.5.5 [115/10] via 45.1.1.5, 00:20:10, Ethernet0/1
      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     6.6.6.6 [115/20] via 45.1.1.5, 00:19:12, Ethernet0/1
      7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     7.7.7.7 [115/20] via 34.1.1.3, 00:19:12, Ethernet0/0
      34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        34.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        34.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
      45.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        45.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        45.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

所以,数据包最终并没有从 MPLS TE tunnel 里走(其实也很明显,如果要从 MPLS TE tunnel 里走的话,IOU4 → IOU5 → IOU3 → IOU7 → IOU1,这要有四跳才对,而不是三跳)。综上所述,MPLS TE tunnel 是一个单向的 tunnel,管去不管回

如果一去一回都要走 MPLS TE tunnel 的话,你需要在 IOU4 上也配置一个 MPLS TE tunnel:

IOU4:

int tun 14
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
 tunnel destination 1.1.1.1
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name A
 ex

ip explicit-path name A enable
 next-address 45.1.1.5
 next-address 35.1.1.3
 next-address 37.1.1.7
 next-address 17.1.1.1

ip route 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 tunnel 14

现在 IOU4 去往 IOU1 也按照预期的路径去走了:

IOU4#traceroute 1.1.1.1 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 1.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 45.1.1.5 [MPLS: Label 5001 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  2 35.1.1.3 [MPLS: Label 3001 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  3 37.1.1.7 [MPLS: Label 7001 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  4 17.1.1.1 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec

我们再来看一下 IOU1 去往 IOU4 的路径:

IOU1#tra 4.4.4.4 so l 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 4.4.4.4
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 17.1.1.7 [MPLS: Label 7000 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  2 37.1.1.3 [MPLS: Label 3000 Exp 0] 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  3 35.1.1.5 [MPLS: Label 5000 Exp 0] 1 msec 1 msec 1 msec
  4 45.1.1.4 2 msec 1 msec 1 msec

一来一回都走 MPLS TE tunnel 了,也都是四跳的,没问题。

 

本文完。如有疑问,欢迎在下方留言;如本文有什么错误,欢迎在下方留言指正,谢谢。

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