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本文最后一次被修改是在:2018年09月27日21:59:17
一、单播地址:
1、特殊地址:
- ::/128 — 未指定地址
- ::1/128 — 用于到本地主机的环回地址
2、链路本地地址:
- FE80::/10( FE80:: ~ FEBF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )
3、Local IPv6 unicast addresses(本地 IPv6 单播地址,可以理解为私有地址):
- FC::/7( FC00:: ~ FDFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )— 在 RFC 4193 中定义
FEC0::/10( FEC0:: ~ FEEF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )— 已经废弃的私有地址
4、全球单播地址:
- 2000::/3( 2000:: ~ 3FFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )
5、用于 Teredo 通道:
- 2001::/32( 2001:: ~ 2001::FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )
6、用于 ORCHIDv2 :
- 2001:20::/28( 2001:20:: ~ 2001:2F:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )
7、用于文档和示例源代码中的地址:
- 2001:DB8::/32( 2001:DB8:: ~ 2001:DB8:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )
8、用于 6 to 4 Tunnel :
- 2002::/16( 2002:: ~ 2002:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )
9、IPv6 有两种内嵌 IPv4 的方式:
::0:0/96( ::0:0 ~ ::FFFF:FFFF )— IPv4 兼容地址,格式也可写为 ::A.B.C.D ,其中 < A.B.C.D > 代表 IPv4 地址,例如 ::192.168.89.9 ,等价于 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:c0a8:5909 ;- ::FFFF:0:0/96( ::FFFF:0:0 ~ ::FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )— IPv4 映射地址,格式也可写为 ::FFFF:A.B.C.D ,其中 < A.B.C.D > 代表 IPv4 地址,例如 ::FFFF:192.168.89.9 ,等价于 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:c0a8:5909 。
需要注意的是,IPv4 兼容地址已经被舍弃了,所以今后的设备和程序中可能不会支持这种地址格式。但 IPv4 映射地址似乎也不推荐使用,因为从操作系统层面来看也不是那么地安全,详情请点击这里。
10、用于 IPv4 / IPv6 转换:
- 64:FF9B::/96( 64:FF9B:: ~ 64:FF9B::FFFF:FFFF )— 由 RFC 6052 中定义
11、其他废除的前缀 :
100::/64( 100:: ~ 100::FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )— RFC 6666 中废除的前缀2001:10::/28( 2001:10:: ~ 2001:1F:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF )— 先前用于 ORCHID
二、组播地址:
组播地址格式由 RFC 3513 定义。
1、所有组播地址:
- FF00::/8
2、Node-Local Scope:
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 | 所有节点(主机)的组播地址(All Nodes Address) | [ADDARCH] |
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 | 所有路由器的组播地址(All Routers Address) | [ADDARCH] |
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 | 在相同节点下作为发送者的所有 NTP(Network Time Protocol)服务器(all NTP servers on the same node as the sender) | |
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:109 | 在相同节点下用于组播传输协议(MTP,Multicast Transport Protocol) |
3、Link-Local Scope:
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 | 所有节点(主机)的组播地址(All the nodes of the link) | [ADDARCH] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 | 所有路由器的组播地址(All the routers of the link) | [ADDARCH] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:3 | Unassigned | [JBP] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:4 | DVMRP Routers | [RFC1075,JBP] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:5 | 所有 OSPF 路由器组播地址(OSPFIGP) | [RFC2328,Moy] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:6 | 所有 OSPF 的 DR 路由器组播地址(OSPFIGP Designated Routers) | [RFC2328,Moy] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:7 | ST Routers | [RFC1190,KS14] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:8 | ST Hosts | [RFC1190,KS14] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:9 | 所有 RIP 路由器组播地址(RIP Routers) | [RFC2080] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:A | EIGRP Routers | [Farinacci] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:B | Mobile-Agents | [Bill Simpson] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:D | 所有 PIM 路由器组播地址(All the PIM routers of the link) | [Farinacci] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:E | RSVP-ENCAPSULATION | [Braden] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 | 在相同链路下作为发送者的所有 NTP(Network Time Protocol)服务器(all NTP servers on the same link as the sender) | |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:109 | 在相同链路下用于组播传输协议(MTP,Multicast Transport Protocol) | |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:1:1 | Link Name | [Harrington] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:1:2 | All-dhcp-agents | [Bound,Perkins] |
FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FFxx:xxxx (FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx/104) |
请求节点组播地址(Solicited-Node Address) | [ADDARCH] |
4、Site-Local Scope:
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 | 站点本地范围所有路由器组播地址(All the routers of the site) | [ADDARCH] |
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 | 在相同站点下作为发送者的所有 NTP(Network Time Protocol)服务器(all NTP servers at the same site as the sender) | |
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:109 | 在相同站点下用于组播传输协议(MTP,Multicast Transport Protocol) | |
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:3 | All-dhcp-servers | [Bound,Perkins] |
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:4 | All-dhcp-relays | [Bound,Perkins] |
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:1000 ~ FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:13FF | Service Location | [RFC2165] |
5、Global Scope:
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 | 在互联网上所有的 NTP(Network Time Protocol)服务器(all NTP servers in the Internet) |
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:109 | 在互联网上用于组播传输协议(MTP,Multicast Transport Protocol) |
6、SSM addresses range:
- FF3x::/32(Only addresses in FF3x::/96 should be used now,由 RFC 3306 定义)
三、关于 IPv6 组播地址的 scope:
摘自 RFC 2373 —— IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture,Page 14: An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a group of nodes. A node may belong to any number of multicast groups. Multicast addresses have the following format: | 8 | 4 | 4 | 112 bits | +------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+ |11111111|flgs|scop| group ID | +--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+ 11111111 at the start of the address identifies the address as being a multicast address. +-+-+-+-+ flgs is a set of 4 flags: |0|0|0|T| +-+-+-+-+ The high-order 3 flags are reserved, and must be initialized to 0. T = 0 indicates a permanently-assigned ("well-known") multicast address, assigned by the global internet numbering authority. T = 1 indicates a non-permanently-assigned ("transient") multicast address. scop is a 4-bit multicast scope value used to limit the scope of the multicast group. The values are: 0 reserved 1 node-local scope 2 link-local scope 3 (unassigned) 4 (unassigned) 5 site-local scope 6 (unassigned) 7 (unassigned) 8 organization-local scope 9 (unassigned) A (unassigned) B (unassigned) C (unassigned) D (unassigned) E global scope F reserved group ID identifies the multicast group, either permanent or transient, within the given scope.
四、All Scope Multicast Addresses:
以下地址在 RFC 2375 中定义。
注意:X 表示 IPv6 组播地址的 scope 。
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | Reserved Multicast Address | [ADDARCH] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:100 | VMTP Managers Group | [RFC1045,DRC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 | Network Time Protocol (NTP) | [RFC1119,DLM1] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:102 | SGI-Dogfight | [AXC] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:103 | Rwhod | [SXD] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:104 | VNP | [DRC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:105 | Artificial Horizons – Aviator | [BXF] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:106 | NSS – Name Service Server | [BXS2] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:107 | AUDIONEWS – Audio News Multicast | [MXF2] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:108 | SUN NIS+ Information Service | [CXM3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:109 | MTP Multicast Transport Protocol | [SXA] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:10A | IETF-1-LOW-AUDIO | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:10B | IETF-1-AUDIO | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:10C | IETF-1-VIDEO | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:10D | IETF-2-LOW-AUDIO | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:10E | IETF-2-AUDIO | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:10F | IETF-2-VIDEO | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:110 | MUSIC-SERVICE | [Guido van Rossum] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:111 | SEANET-TELEMETRY | [Andrew Maffei] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:112 | SEANET-IMAGE | [Andrew Maffei] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:113 | MLOADD | [Braden] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:114 | any private experiment | [JBP] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:115 | DVMRP on MOSPF | [Moy] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:116 | SVRLOC | [Veizades] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:117 | XINGTV | <hgxing@aol.com> |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:118 | microsoft-ds | <arnoldm@microsoft.com> |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:119 | nbc-pro | <bloomer@birch.crd.ge.com> |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:11A | nbc-pfn | <bloomer@birch.crd.ge.com> |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:11B | lmsc-calren-1 | [Uang] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:11C | lmsc-calren-2 | [Uang] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:11D | lmsc-calren-3 | [Uang] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:11E | lmsc-calren-4 | [Uang] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:11F | ampr-info | [Janssen] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:120 | mtrace | [Casner] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:121 | RSVP-encap-1 | [Braden] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:122 | RSVP-encap-2 | [Braden] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:123 | SVRLOC-DA | [Veizades] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:124 | rln-server | [Kean] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:125 | proshare-mc | [Lewis] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:126 | dantz | [Yackle] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:127 | cisco-rp-announce | [Farinacci] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:128 | cisco-rp-discovery | [Farinacci] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:129 | gatekeeper | [Toga] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:12A | iberiagames | [Marocho] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:201 | “rwho” Group (BSD) (unofficial) | [JBP] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:202 | SUN RPC PMAPPROC_CALLIT | [BXE1] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:0000 ~ FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:7FFD | Multimedia Conference Calls | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:7FFE | SAPv1 Announcements | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:7FFF | SAPv0 Announcements (deprecated) | [SC3] |
FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:8000 ~ FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:FFFF | SAP Dynamic Assignments | [SC3] |
引用:
一、References [ADDARCH] Hinden, R., and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998. [AUTORFC] Thompson, S., and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 1971, August 1996. [ETHER] Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks", Work in Progress. [RFC1045] Cheriton, D., "VMTP: Versatile Message Transaction Protocol Specification", RFC 1045, February 1988. [RFC1075] Waitzman, D., Partridge, C., and S. Deering, "Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol", RFC 1075, November 1988. [RFC1112] Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", STD 5, RFC 1112, Stanford University, August 1989. [RFC1119] Mills, D., "Network Time Protocol (Version 1), Specification and Implementation", STD 12, RFC 1119, July 1988. [RFC1190] Topolcic, C., Editor, "Experimental Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II)", RFC 1190, October 1990. [RFC2080] Malkin, G., and R. Minnear, "RIPng for IPv6", RFC 2080, January 1997. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2165] Veizades, J., Guttman, E., Perkins, C., and S. Kaplan "Service Location Protocol", RFC 2165 June 1997. [RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, April 1998. 二、People <arnoldm@microsoft.com> [AXC] Andrew Cherenson <arc@SGI.COM> [Braden] Bob Braden, <braden@isi.edu>, April 1996. [Bob Brenner] [Bressler] David J. Bressler, <bressler@tss.com>, April 1996. <bloomer@birch.crd.ge.com> [Bound] Jim Bound <bound@zk3.dec.com> [BXE1] Brendan Eic <brendan@illyria.wpd.sgi.com> [BXF] Bruce Factor <ahi!bigapple!bruce@uunet.UU.NET> [BXS2] Bill Schilit <schilit@parc.xerox.com> [Casner] Steve Casner, <casner@isi.edu>, January 1995. [CXM3] Chuck McManis <cmcmanis@sun.com> [Tim Clark] [DLM1] David Mills <Mills@HUEY.UDEL.EDU> [DRC3] Dave Cheriton <cheriton@PESCADERO.STANFORD.EDU> [DXS3] Daniel Steinber <Daniel.Steinberg@Eng.Sun.COM> [Farinacci] Dino Farinacci, <dino@cisco.com> [GSM11] Gary S. Malkin <GMALKIN@XYLOGICS.COM> [Harrington] Dan Harrington, <dan@lucent.com>, July 1996. <hgxing@aol.com> [IANA] IANA <iana@iana.org> [Janssen] Rob Janssen, <rob@pe1chl.ampr.org>, January 1995. [JBP] Jon Postel <postel@isi.edu> [JXM1] Jim Miner <miner@star.com> [Kean] Brian Kean, <bkean@dca.com>, August 1995. [KS14] <mystery contact> [Lee] Choon Lee, <cwl@nsd.3com.com>, April 1996. [Lewis] Mark Lewis, <Mark_Lewis@ccm.jf.intel.com>, October 1995. [Malamud] Carl Malamud, <carl@radio.com>, January 1996. [Andrew Maffei] [Marohco] Jose Luis Marocho, <73374.313@compuserve.com>, July 1996. [Moy] John Moy <jmoy@casc.com> [MXF2] Martin Forssen <maf@dtek.chalmers.se> [Perkins] Charlie Perkins, <cperkins@corp.sun.com> [Guido van Rossum] [SC3] Steve Casner <casner@isi.edu> [Simpson] Bill Simpson <bill.simpson@um.cc.umich.edu> November 1994. [Joel Snyder] [SXA] Susie Armstrong <Armstrong.wbst128@XEROX.COM> [SXD] Steve Deering <deering@PARC.XEROX.COM> [tynan] Dermot Tynan, <dtynan@claddagh.ie>, August 1995. [Toga] Jim Toga, <jtoga@ibeam.jf.intel.com>, May 1996. [Uang] Yea Uang <uang@force.decnet.lockheed.com> November 1994. [Veizades] John Veizades, <veizades@tgv.com>, May 1995. [Yackle] Dotty Yackle, <ditty_yackle@dantz.com>, February 1996.
其他相关文章:
- IPv6 地址结构具体可以查看:【RFC文档】RFC 2373 英文 – IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
- 【RFC文档】RFC 2374 英文 – An IPv6 Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format
- 【RFC文档】RFC 2375 英文 – IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments
- 【RFC文档】RFC 3306 英文 – Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 Multicast Addresses
- IPv6 组播地址格式可以查看:【RFC文档】RFC 3513 英文 – Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture
- 【RFC文档】RFC 3879 英文 – Deprecating Site Local Addresses
- 【RFC文档】RFC 4193 英文 – Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses
今天( 2016年12月14日19:35:00 )对本文进行了修改。查阅了一些 RFC 文档,增加了大量的 IPv6 地址,相当于是对本文进行了重写。
今天( 2018年09月25日23:12:46 )增加了 IPv6 的两种内嵌 IPv4 的方式。
今天( 2018年09月27日21:59:17 )对本文进行了修改。进一步完善,收录更多 IPv6 地址。